Abstract Indoxyl sulfate (IS) accumulates in the body in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the renal proximal tubules. IS excretion is mediated by OAT1/3 and ABCG2. These transporters are inhibited by some hypouricemic agents; OATs by probenecid and benzbromarone. https://www.herbsdailyes.shop/product-category/skin-lighteners/